Abstract

Historic aspects of calcifying nanoparticles as pathogensCalcium carbonate spheres ranging from 30 nm to 300 nm in size were observed in samples from hot springs in Viterbo, Italy, by geologist Dr Robert Folk and co-workers.6 Because the structure of the spheres was similar to bacteria, and because of their nanometer size, they were referred to as nan(n)obacteria. Similar structures isolated from bovine serum can propagate and calcify under cell culture conditions, further suggesting that these particles...